Lewis And Clark The United States - 1569 Words

Lewis and Clark Have you ever wondered what it would be like to explore a land that nobody has ever explored before? This is exactly what Lewis and Clark did when the United States purchased a very large amount of land in The Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was one of most important expeditions at that time. We will be going over three main points. The preparation of the journey, the journey itself, and the aftermath of the journey will be the main point of this paper.. Although the journey was hard, they succeeded. Lewis and Clark were to very important people at the time. William Clark, an army captain, had served with Meriwether Lewis in Ohio. At the the time Lewis was President Thomas Jefferson’s secretary. The journey†¦show more content†¦He also bought things to trade with native americans along the way. In order to have an expedition, Lewis and Clark need men. They recruited a total of 33 people. This does not include Sacagawea and Charbonneau. The oldest was 47 and the youngest was only 17 years of age. Along with getting men and supplies, the two leaders needed to gain one very important thing. Scientific skills were needed because these men knew nothing about what would happen or what they were getting into. Lewis and Clark had to go to a science academy in order to gain the knowledge they needed to go on with the journey. Now that everything was ready. They set off on their exciting, yet nerve racking journey. The men set off on a k eel boat going up the Mississippi River. This was very challenging because at the time, the river was shallow and the keel boat was to big. The boat had to be pushed upstream. They men would only cover fifteen to twenty miles a day, twenty five on a good day. At first the men saw no signs of native americans anywhere. Little did they know, they would meet a total of fifty native american tribes. The men would travel without seeing a single indian in sight. To keep safe in case of hostile natives, th Corps set up camp on islands in the river and posted guards at night. On August 2, the Oto and Missouri indians came to the Corps’ camp. The meeting went

Racism And Police Brutality And Racism - 1820 Words

In the world we live in today, racism and police brutality are raising concerns that society needs to be aware of. Beginning from the mid 1900s and on, racism was an ongoing problem that many individuals acted on from day to day. Whether it was mainly whites who hated blacks or vice versa, there never seemed as if a solution would ever come about. Based on this article about racism and police brutality, it talks a lot about how brutality following the Rodney King incident has change and is more exposed due to updated technology. Racism is not a thing of the past, it exist in this day and happens everyday in front of our eyes. Another point from this article is how the media portrays black as intimidating and scary which often times is the reason why police officers act the way they do when they are encountering a black male. Today’s society is taught to be afraid of black men because they are dangerous and unpredictable. The media account is a short video of how police brutali ty is caught on camera and how the police are portrayed because of these videos. Because of the new technology officers are no longer able to get away with brutality and not having to answer for there actions. This media account is more of an awareness video of how if someone sees the police physically abusing someone, they should take there phones out and record everything that is going on. Today’s camera phone as said to be the police’s kryptonite because they capture everything that is done by theShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Police Brutality916 Words   |  4 Pages8:00-9:50 10 June 2015 Essay 1 Racism in the Legal System Racial profiling isn’t something new to today’s society. Most recently there were incidents in which the officers were accused of mistreating blacks such as Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. â€Å"Racism versus professionalism: claims and counter-claims about racial profiling† written by Vic Satzewich and William Shaffir discusses racism versus professionalism with officers. Their argument is more biased towards the police force and they argue thatRead MorePolice Brutality Racism1340 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in America has been known to put fear in the lives of many Americans. Although police brutality is played out across all avenues of the media and many people see this happening, it yet does not change the fact that racism still exists in the justice system of America. People in positions of power yet have not done anything to rectify the situation and this has lead to the rise of â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement. Numerous opportuniti es have been presented to officials to speak up aboutRead MoreRacism And The South And Police Brutality1378 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is prejudice plus power (influence, status and authority). It exists in many different forms and in almost every facade of society; from subtle discrimination in everyday life and scandals in politics, to occurrences like lynching’s in the South and Police Brutality. Racism is complicated, systemic and institutional as described by researchers; (Jones, 1997): personal, which may be considered the same as prejudice (Allport, 1958); institutional, involving a set of environmental conditionsRead MorePolice Brutality And The Racism It Fosters Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality and the Racism It Fosters A controversial topic for decades, one issue that has made a noticeable impact in modern day society, especially in the year of 2015, is that of police brutality. Stemming from deep-rooted and institutionalized racism within law enforcement and other surrounding fields, it has sparked a firestorm of opposition, with many American citizens up in arms over the target that’s been seemingly casted on the backs of the black community. Despite the various protocolsRead MoreRacism : The Main Causes Of Police Brutality709 Words   |  3 PagesPolice brutality has been an issue for many decades and still is a concern that people have. Officers shouldn’t even think about using that type of violence around people unless it is absolutely necessary. Police brutality has even come to a point of death. According to Encyclopedia.com, police brutality is â€Å"the use of any force exceeding that reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police purpose†. In other words, poli ce brutality is when an officer takes advantage of their power. Racism isRead MoreRacism And Police Brutality Today By Cassandra Chaney And Ray V. Robertson1481 Words   |  6 PagesMy first scholarly article that I read was Racism and Police Brutality in America by Cassandra Chaney and Ray V. Robertson. The article begins by highlighting the beating of Rodney King in 1992. Police brutality has gone on for a long time, and with the help of technology it has finally been brought to the light. In 1992, four white police officers beat an African American man named Rodney King. The events were caught on camera and were aired that night by a local TV station in Los Angeles. In theRead MoreDr. Wolfe s Sociological Training910 Words   |  4 Pages1. In Dr. Wolfe’s statement on the recent events that have taken place in Baltimore he talks about police brutality, crime, racism, and inequality. Dr. Wolfe’s sociological training affects the way he looks at these events. In his statement he talks about how police brutality is not just happen ing among â€Å"a few bad apples† but instead how it is a systemic issue. He may be right but he also may be wrong. Dr. Wolfe is trained to study race, the criminal justice system and the relationship between bothRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ellison862 Words   |  4 PagesIn response to police brutality, The Invisible Man was written by Ellison demonstrated that through his life racism was entirely present. Ellison, in fact, was faced with police brutality throughout the novel. Ellison wrote a scene in which his narrator dealt with police brutality after giving a speech at an eviction. The police threatened to shoot him and beat all of them. Ellison wrote that his character had known it was due to the racism during the time period. Even so, the rest of the novel involvedRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1478 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing, which leads to police brutality. In â€Å"Why Are So Many Black Americans Killed By Police?†, Carl Bialik, reveals racism (consci ously or not) leads to police brutality of African Americans. Kia Makarechi in â€Å"What The Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias†, shows evidence of African Americans receiving more police brutality because of racism. Clint Smith in â€Å"Racism, Stress, and Black Death†, conveys how studies show that African Americans are receiving police brutality due to day-to-day discriminationRead MoreThe Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling858 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent conflict of African American males and police officials in Western nations, focusing directly on the American South. In the late 1920’s African Americans in the U.S.A, were hopeful that their struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discrimination and police brutality were â€Å"hidden† from the m ainstream media. Though

Macro Economical Environment of Coca Cola

Question: Discuss about the Macro Economical Environment of Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction: This report is being prepared to focus on the macro economical environment of Coca Cola in the last ten years. The report takes into account the strategic positioning of the organization and its current status of business in the developing market. Coca Cola is a giant market player engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling and allotment of extensive range of soft drinks across the world. Coca Cola is a company which has got widespread capacity for product growth and market expansion in an international market (Foster, 2012). In this broad economic sector the company is involved in domestic and international operations. The companys profit margin and turnover level is proportionate to their growth intensity and improvement criterion in the emergent market (Oliver, 2013). The company has got a huge customer base and it is working continuously to maintain the standard of customer service it has offered over the years. Coca Colas operational activities in UK and India: Coca Cola employs around 4500 people across the seven manufacturing units in Great Britain. While in India the number of its manufacturing units stands at 24. The company has got a dedicated sales team in West London which takes care of the marketing, promotional activities and distribution of new items and brands existing globally. Their responsibility lies in making the distribution and sales flow of soft drinks a continuous activity all over the world. In the product development criteria Coca Cola UK have some dazzling drinks like Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Fanta and Sprite to go along with vitamin water and sports drinks. The companys strategy has always been to focus on consumer development and efficient market growth. Coca Cola is blessed with extensive supply chain facility which guarantees complete availability of the products to its consumers. Its marketing strategy has been brilliant and it has put itself in the right place at the right time. It has taken care of customer and re gional values which have ensured a strong bond in customer relationship. The Indian market is a favorite destination for many foreign companies and Coca Cola was no different. The market is huge in terms of geography and population. Moreover the company offers a variety of brands to its customers and that too in different bottle sizes of 200 ml, 250 ml, 300, 500ml to 2 litres. Coca Cola was quick to recognize that Indians have a weakness for sweets and thus increased the sweetness level of their products for the Indian market. Coca Cola has reacted through proper implementation and improvement of their strategies to satisfy the Indian Customers needs. Analysis of market structure in which Coca cola operates In UK and India: Coca Cola operates in an oligopoly market, the reason being the major share of the market is controlled by two firms, Coca Cola and Pepsi. There is presence of other small players in the market but in comparison to Coca Cola their market share is negligible. Companies of small stature find it difficult to invest on a large scale in investing to launch a brand. There are barriers to entry too in this kind of market. The investment criteria play a huge role in preventing companies from entering this sector. Manufacturing soft drinks is cost heavy which requires noteworthy investment in advertising, promotion and production equipment (www.coca-cola.co.uk, 2016). Moreover in the soft drinks industry market the bargaining influence of suppliers is weak. All the ingredients are readily available in the market with the presence of lot of suppliers. Moreover these days companies have substitutes like sweetener and corn syrup for things like sugar. The soft drinks market at present is resting in the matured stage of lifecycle where growth has become a stagnant factor. It is during this stage that a product tends to decline, but growth for Coca Cola has never been sluggish with its continuous endeavor in increasing its products and brands in order to lengthen the life cycle. Though it has been stated as a giant in the field of Soft drinks industry, it has never been short of competitors like Limca, Pepsi and Mirinda (Lemley McKenna, 2012). But as leaders do, Coca Cola has bettered itself to stay ahead of others in UK, though it faces a stiff completion from Pepsi in India. The cola sector has been a tad static but the fruit based drink category has shown a lot of growth in recent times. Coca Cola India is purely dedicated to the Indian economy. In the Indian market scenario Coca Colas strength lies in its diversified product portfolio, heavy investment and the fact that it is an easily recognizable brand among people,. Though in 2004, Coca Cola had to face some health issue challenges with protestors claiming the company of using unethical means for manufacturing products high on chemical. Indian people do have a positive feel about Coca Cola which brings in a sense of belongingness. Moreover, physical factors of India make it a strong case for the sale of the product in the Indian markets. Macroeconomic Indicators and its Impact on Coca Colas economic activity GDP growth UK: Before Britain took the decision to leave European Union; the state of Britains economy growth was pretty slow. Manufacturing has been struggling (www.bankofengland.co.uk., 2016). GDPs growth rate in India is measured by the change in the seasonally attuned assessment of the goods and services that are being produced in the Indian economy during the quarter. India is ranked among the top ten largest economies in the world and is the second most populous after China. In India, manufacturing accounts for 15% of the GDP and service industry taking the large chunk of share which stands at 60%. In the second quarter of the year 2016, the GDP in India saw an upward rise by 1.40%. Since 1996 till 2016, Indias average growth rate in GDP stands at 1.68% which saw its peak during the second quarter of 2009 at 5.80% and a record low of -1.80% in the first quarter of 2009. GDP from Manufacturing:Last 4901.64 Billion Previous 4908.33 Billion Highest 5407.38 Billion and Lowest 3455.83 Billion Things like diet coke has contributed to every GDP with new versions of its. One could replicate for free the physical inputs of Diet Coke, but as Coca Cola owns the right of the recipe, one has to pay them for the same. The GDP would get lowered as Coca Colas earnings from manufacturing Diet Coke would stand at zero. It will only earn from the recipe it would rent out. This will still be a win-win situation even if the GDP goes down. GDP per Capita growth comparison of Uk and India (As created by author) UK has shown a steady growth in case of the countrys GDP over the years whereas Indias was lying dead dumb till 2000 after which it has made a slow but steady progress. Inflation rate: UKs inflation hit a record equaling low in January because of low energy prices and cheaper fuels. Inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index slumped to 0.3% in January, 2015 from 0.5% in December as reported by the Office for National Statistics. The Retail Prices Index (RPI) also took a downward slide falling from 1.6% to 1.1%. if the inflation rate is up by 3% it signifies that the prices are 3% higher than it was a year ago, which means people need to spend 3% more to buy the same things. Indian economy is in a desirable position with high growth and declining inflation. As per Gulati Saini, (2013), reports of Central Statistical Office states that GDP is up from 5.6% in 2012-2013 to 7.2 in 2014-2015 and even more in 2015-15 at 7.6%, whereas, inflation has fallen from 7.4% in 2012-13 to a meager 2% in 2014-15 and further down at -2.8% in 2015-16. Growth in bank credit ranges in between 9% to 11% in the previous two years. Banks are not willing to lend anymore as bad debts have piled up. Inflation has the habit of increasing the cost of production. So, an increase in inflation will see Coca Cola increasing its pricing. This price increase might end up with Coca cola losing out on customers as it is a product of desire and not necessity. In 2005, a 2 litre coca cola was 99p whereas at present date it would cost around 1.98 pound. Continuous inflation has made Coca Cola doubled the price. Likewise the company can be forced to lessen their prices in order to increase consumption. Unemployment rate: UKs unemployment is witnessing an average of 7.15% from 1971 till date. Employment has increased in UK and its jobless rate has been stagnant at 4.9% in the three months till July 2016 which is the same as it has been in the previous years. Unemployment has been a major factor for the Indian economy. In 2013 the unemployment rate of India dropped to 4.90% from 2012s 5.20% (Mitra Verick, 2013). Indias unemployment rate averages 7.32% from 1983 till 2013. It reached its peak in 2009 standing at 9.4% and saw a record low of 4.9% in 2013 (Hasan et al., 2012). Rise in unemployment rates would have an adverse effect on Coca Cola and its demand would decrease. The Theory of Consumption states that the more income one has, the more inclined towards the consumption of goods. The inverse also takes place. When UK people are low on not reusable income, they are less likely to buy Coca Cola products because the money then goes to other essential foodstuffs. Unemployment comparison graph of UK and India (As created by author) Unemployemnt rate comparison of UK and India which shows in that UKs unemployment rate has shown a growth after the 2008 economic crisis whereas Indias has been very much steady and showing an inclination of sliding down everytime. Though the graph also shows that the UK unemployment rate graph is declining after 2010 which concludes that there are more job opportunities now than it was previously. When the unemployment growth has been on the higher side in both the countries the company has tend to have a lower sales growth as compared to other years, either by cutting down cost or closing down on manufacturing units or outlets. Balance of Payments: A countrys Balance of Payments position is due to its economic health. The BOP consists of Capital Account/Financial Account and Current Account. Current Account BOP has more scope than balance of trade. It takes into account not only the exports and imports of goods but also stuffs which are invisible in nature like tourism, insurance, income on investments and foreign travel. The last few years have witnessed an alarming downslide to UKs balance of payments. According to Coutts Rowthorn, (2013), in between 2000 and 2010, the average foreign payment deficit of UK was over 25 billion pound which sky rocketed in 2012 to 62 billion pound and even further in 2013 to 73 billion pound. In 2014 it stands at 90 billion pound which as reported is 5% over UKs GDP. The reason being a gap between the goods and services sold abroad and the amount UK pays for imports. UKs heavy borrowings are a major factor which it does to compensate the deficit in foreign payments. India BOP on current accounts is where it has to make payments to other countries on account of the imports of goods it makes, along with the shipping services, people travelling abroad and insurance matters that are being taken up by other countries. It also has to pay royalties to foreign entities and interests on foreign investments in the country. These are some of the debit objects for which India has to make payments to the rest of the world. Likewise, when foreign countries import goods from India it has to make payments to this country. In case of Capital Account it is the story of non-resident Indians who maintain their surplus funds with Indian Banks. Another major object in the BOP of capital account is the presence of foreign investment in India through foreign companies. Foreign investments are basically of two types: Portfolio investment in which foreign institutional investors (FIIs) acquire equity shares and Indian companies and Governments bonds (Tomlinson, 2013). Foreign Direct Investment is another such area where companies of foreign land set up factories on Indian soil either on their own or through collaboration with Indian companies. As per Drze Sen, (2013), highlights of Indian BOP Position: Jan-Mar 2015 saw a surplus of US $30 billion, its sixth consecutive BOP surplus The surplus of BOP is at 5.7% of nominal GDP, current account deficit standing at 0.3% and merchandise trade deficit is at 5.3%. In2014, Indias BOP surplus was 3% of GDP which was highest in 7 years. Analysis of monetary and fiscal policy of UK and India: The UK Monetary policy is put by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England. They choose on the interest rates but they have to aim and meet the governments inflation target. The Bank of England has the responsibility of studying inflationary rates in the economy which includes a lot of economic variables such as confidence of consumers, unemployment factor, exchange rate index and economic growth (Wu, Xia, 2016). Taking into consideration all these factors the Bank of England decides whether the inflation will rise or take a downward slide. Expecting higher rate of inflation and higher growth has the tendency of increasing the interest rates whereas the drop in inflation rate will see a lower growth resulting in decrease in interest rates. There are certain advantages in MPC setting up interest rates: -MPCs independent nature is not subject to any political pressure. They are not being pressurized in lowering the interest rates before an election which used to be a major problem in the economy of UK. -The rates of interests have a commanding effect in controlling UKs consumer spending because many people having taken up loans and mortgages. -Inflation has remained low at 2% as per the Governments liking (King Low, 2014). -Inflation expectations have been reduced by the MPC. This has injected confidence among the people that inflation will remain low. It has helped in keeping the wage demand low which has in turn helped in keeping inflation low. Bank of England sets the interest rate which is also known as the base rate. Higher interest rates does not support people in saving and borrowing and people with loans will be facing less disposable income that might result in less consumption (www.bankofengland.co.uk., 2016). In this scenario Investors will find it according to their liking in saving in UK banks. Rising interest rates are likely to witness a fall in investment and consumption. Higher interest rates do not encourages firms and individuals in making purchases and involve in risky investments. The formulation and execution of the monetary policy of India is done by the Reserve Bank of India (www.rbi.org.in, 2016). Through this policy the central bank has the power to control money and the rate of interest. The monetary policy is undertaken to persuade the money supply and making money available for achieving certain specific objectives (Rajan, Yanamandra, 2015). Indias monetary policy is concerned with regulating the credit volume formed by Banks. Monetary Policys main objective is to bring in price stability and financial stability (Damji, 2012). The fiscal policy: Fiscal policy can be defined as the Governments policy in taxing people and the way it spends the money. Governments need to borrow and spend for two important reasons: either to consume or to produce. In the year 2009, the UK government followed expansionary fiscal procedure. In the face of deep recession when the GD fell 6%, the government cut VAT in order to boost up consumer spending (Herndon, Ash Pollin, (2014). Governments borrowing took a rise in 2009-10. Britains latest growth has not changed anything from the time it entered recession six years ago, the GDP is still below its earlier peak. Indias fiscal policy: Government of India has adopted certain objectives of fiscal policy which are: Mobilizing sufficient funds for financing various program and projects taken up for economic development. Developing the private sector where necessary through financial inducement Optimum utilization of resources are being arranged Factors of Unemployment and poverty are removed Lessening the degree of inequality in income distribution and wealth Indian Governments fiscal policy is having a great impact on the economy of the country. This has lead to significant development of the industrial sector (De, 2012). The taxation burden on India is much more which reduces the saving capacity of the people. Adding to that is the failure of countrys fiscal policy in checking the countrys inequality in distribution of income (Muller Kolk, 2015). In the face of falling economy it is obvious that the business of a UK based company like Coca Cola is also likely to fall down. The profit earning becomes a difficult prospect and for that the shareholders suffer too. For Indian market, if there is devaluation in the currency rate of India, the profit margin of Coca cola would take a hit. The net operating revenues and operating income will be affected. The financial results of Coca Cola gets affected if there is any change in the currency rate, or there is any change in the fiscal or monetary policy of the company (Schneider Enste, 2013). Analysis of foreign trade policy instruments for UK and India Trade policy instruments for international trade agreements include export taxes, import quotas, import tariffs and export quotas. Certain change in the trade policy of a host country would affect the operations of a company (Borchert, Gootiiz Mattoo, 2014). Overseas trade is an important factor in UKs inclination. The UK government is in the continuous process of helping UK businesses succeed internationally and encourage certain foreign companies to work with UK (Hayes, 2016). For many years, UK had a trade deficit, the reason being it imported more goods and services than it actually exported. For UK a devaluation in the currency will result in cheaper exports. But the firms importing raw materials will have to settle for higher cost of imports. UK firms selling price inelastic goods will see an increase in their demand when there is a fall in the foreign price. Reports suggest UK goods to be price inelastic where depreciation is related to small increase in the demand. Rise in pounds value with a speculation over other countrys economy, firms tend to become uncompetitive. The foreign trade policy offers the basic structure policy of interpreting the vision into goals and targets. Exports in India saw a high growth during the period of 2004-05-2008-09. The exports grew at an average growth rate of 23.9%, increased from UK $83.5 billion in 2004-05 to US $185.3 billion in 2008-09 (www.rbi.org.in., 2016). The Reserve Bank of Indias Reference rate for Great Britain Pound as of today is 86.4823 (www.rbi.org.in., 2016). A slight change in this figure will have its effect on the multinational companies working in India. Coca Cola is a global company and its business is situated around the world. A certain change in the import export rate of a country in which it is operating can affect its profitability directly or in that case can increase its expenditure also as with foreign currency, foreign money is also involved. Temporary exchange rate fluctuations do not have that much of an effect on imports as rates are set 12-15 months before . So the company has to take into account the trade policy factors and abide the rules and regulations as laid down in that policy. Comparison of the exchange rate of UK and Indiia (As created by author) There is always an element of risk for Coca Cola India if the companys Indian revenue depreciates with its main trading currency which is the US dollar or in othersense even the UK currency. India does have the habit of maintaining a weak value of its currency when compared to big countries like US or the UK. Conclusion: The report took into account all the possible data available in concluding how the economic factors of two countries affects a company like Coca Cola. No matter how big an organization it is, there are bound to be some reparations when these factors affect a countrys economy. As Coca Cola operates in these countries it has to take into account all the possible measures so that its operation is not hampered and it does not suffer a huge loss in the process. Factors like unemployment, inflation does have certain adverse effects on the workings of the company. Reference: Bank of England. (2016).Bank of England. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/Pages/default.aspxhttps://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/Pages/default.aspxhttps://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/Pages/default.aspx Buckley, P. J., Forsans, N., Munjal, S. (2012). Hosthome country linkages and hosthome country specific advantages as determinants of foreign acquisitions by Indian firms.International Business Review,21(5), 878-890. Coutts, K., Rowthorn, R. (2013). The UK balance of payments: structure and prospects.Oxford Review of Economic Policy,29(2), 307-325. Damji, B. H. (2012). Monetary Policy Of India. De, S. (2012). Fiscal Policy in India: Trends and Trajectory.Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Working Paper, forthcoming. Drze, J., Sen, A. (2013).An uncertain glory: India and its contradictions. Princeton University Press. Foster, R. J. (2012).Cocaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Globalization. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Gulati, A., Saini, S. (2013). Taming food inflation in India.Discussion Paper, (4). Hasan, R., Mitra, D., Ranjan, P., Ahsan, R. N. (2012). Trade liberalization and unemployment: Theory and evidence from India.Journal of Development Economics,97(2), 269-280. Hayes, J. P. (2016).Making trade policy in the European Community. Springer. Herndon, T., Ash, M., Pollin, R. (2014). Does high public debt consistently stifle economic growth? A critique of Reinhart and Rogoff.Cambridge journal of economics,38(2), 257-279. King, M., Low, D. (2014).Measuring the''world''real interest rate(No. w19887). National Bureau of Economic Research. Lemley, M. A., McKenna, M. P. (2012). Is Pepsi Really a Substitute for Coke? Market Definition in Antitrust and IP. Mitra, A., Verick, S. (2013).Youth employment and unemployment: an Indian perspective. ILO. Monetary Policy. (2016).RBI. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.rbi.org.in/ Muller, A., Kolk, A. (2015). Responsible Tax as Corporate Social Responsibility The Case of Multinational Enterprises and Effective Tax in India.Business Society,54(4), 435-463. Oliver, T. (2013).The real Coke, the real story. Random House. Rajan, R. S., Yanamandra, V. (2015). Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in India: The Interest Rate Pass-Through Channel. InManaging the Macroeconomy(pp. 40-73). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Schneider, F., Enste, D. H. (2013).The shadow economy: An international survey. Cambridge University Press. Tomlinson, B. R. (2013).The economy of modern India: from 1860 to the twenty-first century(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Us, C., Us, A., Us, A., business, O., people, O., Partners, O. et al. (2016).Homepage | Journey | Coca-Cola Great Britain.Coca-cola.co.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.coca-cola.co.uk/ Wu, J. C., Xia, F. D. (2016). Measuring the macroeconomic impact of monetary policy at the zero lower bound.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(2-3), 253-291.

Joseph McCarthy Essays - Communism In The United States,

Joseph McCarthy Throughout the early 1950s, the nation was deeply engrossed in fears of a Communist takeover. At a time when Americas fears were at their very height, Joseph McCarthy, a Republican Senator from Wisconsin pushed Americas fears to an extreme. As a ploy to get himself re-elected, and to make America hate Communism as much as he did, the Senator devised a devious scheme. McCarthy, while giving a speech, held up a piece of paper and exclaimed, I have here a list of 57 known Communists who are currently employed by the U.S. State Department (Fried, 89). A few days later, McCarthy raised the number of people on the list from 57 to 205. The reaction to McCarthys announcement was absolute panic. Until that time, the nation had a sense of security. Now all peace of mind was lost, and America wanted these people that were on McCarthys so called Blacklist (Fried, 65). So began a long-term search by Congress to seek these individuals. One group that was extensively looked at was Hollywood. By Jos eph McCarthy abusing his powers, he not only destroyed many peoples lives, but he also wronged the American public. To begin with, the type of person that Joe McCarthy was must be considered. McCarthy was a hard-line Republican who played along strict party lines. By all considerations, he was an extremist or a reactionary. By holding a piece of paper, and saying that the enemy who everyone feared was so close, McCarthy diminished all thoughts that America was truly safe. The actual piece of paper was blank; McCarthy had no writing on the paper at all. He knew that by telling the people of the U.S. that the enemy was so close, he could finally see a war erected against Communism. He simply used the peoples ambitions and fears to make a mountain out of a molehill. Communism in America before McCarthys debacle was simply a buzzword. Everyone knew about it, but no one ever talked about it. The first knowledge many Americans had of Communism came from Winston Churchills Iron Curtain Speech (Matusow, 45). Churchill basically said in his speech that the Soviet Union was pushing forward a global Communis t takeover. And Churchill also said that he believed, We should not let such a force loose on the planet (Matusow, 46). That was the first time many American eyes were opened to Communism, and McCarthy made sure it was not the last. The entire chaos that Senator McCarthy caused had become collectively known as The Red Scare (Feuerlicht, 34). McCarthy used this entire Red Scare idea to boost his hopes for re-election. But an elected official is supposed to be a representative of the people. All McCarthy did was abuse his power and pull the wool over the peoples eyes. McCarthy did not work for the benefit of the people. He only worked for the benefit of himself. Next, the people whose lives McCarthy destroyed must be looked at. In the immediate aftermath of McCarthys speech came many accusations. America wanted the people that McCarthy said were on his list. But when asked for the list, McCarthy said he lost it, and he could not remember which individuals were on the list. But he said he did see some key Hollywood figures on it. That was when the focus shifted to all of Hollywood. If anyone thought that an actor or actress seemed suspicious, they would simply start gossip about them. Eventually, the special Congressional committee appointed to investigate the issue would hear of it. And when they did, they would bring the individual in question before Congress, and they would basically tear them apart. They would ask them about their lifestyles, their fellow employees, and their friends. And then they would determine if the individual in question were guilty or innocent. But it really made no difference if they were innocent or not. Once the y were brought before Congress, their careers were basically ruined. Movie companies refused to hire them. They were afraid that the people would boycott any movies they made, if they hired Communist sympathizers (Matusow, 88). And when the accused did get jobs, the people did not want to go see Dirty Communist bastards

How to Increase Your Chances for SSD Application Approval

How to Increase Your Chances for SSD Application Approval Top 5 Things You Need to Know to Increase Your Chances for SSD Application Approval Do you suffer from an injury or illness that prevents you from working like you did before or this injury keeps you from adjusting to a new line of work?Are you worried about your eligibility of qualifying for Social Security Disability benefits? If so, chances are you are not alone.The Social Security Administration (SSA) reports that:1-in-4  20-year-old workers in the U.S. will become disabled before reaching retirement age.1-in-5  Americans (56 million) live with some form of disability.1-in-10  Americans (38 million) suffer from a severe disability.Fortunately, you may be eligible to receive Social Security disability (SSD) benefits. These benefits may represent only a portion of the income you previously earned. However, they can still play a major role in helping you and your family to meet your monthly expenses.Click here to  See our infographic  Top 5 Things You Need to Know to increase your chances for SSD application approvalHow Do You Qualify for SSD Benefits?To be eligible for SSD benefits, you must meet the SSA’s work and medical requirements. Let’s look quickly at each one:Work requirement– You must have paid into the program through the taxes deducted from your earnings. Generally, this means that you must have earned: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At least 40 work credits. o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With 20 of those credits earned in the 10 years before your disability arose.However, if you are a younger person, you may qualify with fewer work credits.Medical requirement– You must meet the SSA’s definition of â€Å"disabled.† This means that you suffer from a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prevents you from engaging in substantial gainful activity and o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has lasted or is expected to last for at least 12 consecutive months or to result in death.In Michigan, your medical eligibility will be determined by a Disability Determination Services ( DDS) examiner in Detroit, Lansing, Traverse City or Kalamazoo.How Do You Apply for SSD Benefits in Michigan?You must prepare your application and submit it in one of three ways:Use the SSA’s online application form.Call the SSA at  (800) 772-1213  or (800) 325-0778 (TTY) and mail in your documentation.Go in person to your local SSA field office in Michigan.What Happens If Your Application for Benefits Is Denied?Many people experience the frustration of seeing their application for SSD benefits denied. If you find yourself in this situation, you can request a hearing at your nearest Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR) in Michigan.The good news: You have a  49.14 percent  chance of getting your application approved at the hearing level in Michigan.The bad news: In Michigan, on average, it takes  516 days  to process your case. The processing time includes waiting, on average,  17.2 months  for your hearing.Consider this chart, which shows informa tion for Michigan’s seven ODAR offices for the 2016 fiscal year:Sources: https://www.ssa.gov/appeals/DataSets/01_NetStat_Report.html https://www.ssa.gov/appeals/DataSets/05_Average_Processing_Time_Report.html https://www.ssa.gov/appeals/DataSets/03_ALJ_Disposition_Data.htmlYou can file an appeal with the Appeals Council if your application is denied after a hearing with an Administrative Law Judge. If you are denied again, you can file a lawsuit in the nearest U.S. District Court.What Can You Do to Help Your Application Get Approved?If you believe that you qualify for SSD benefits, you should stay determined and keep fighting. However, each stage of an appeal can add significantly more time to your case.This is why you should do as much as possible to get your application approved at the initial stage. Here are five ways to improve your chances1. Establish That Your Income Does Not Exceed The SGA Threshold.To be considered â€Å"disabled,† you cannot earn monthly incom e above the â€Å"substantial gainful activity† (SGA) threshold. The SSA adjusts this threshold every year. In 2017, it is:$1,170per month for non-blind individuals$1,950per month for blind individuals.When you apply for benefits, provide accurate and up-to-date information about your income. To support your claim, you should provide documentation such as pay stubs and W2 forms.2. Provide Complete And Relevant Medical Information.Your application must establish that you suffer from a qualifying disability. For this reason, you need to provide complete and relevant medical information.You must provide medical records from an accepted medical source such as your treating doctor. These records could include:X-ray, MRI or CT scan resultsBlood and other test resultsTreatment plansPrescription information.These records need to establish the onset date of your disability. They should also show the nature and severity of your condition. Ultimately, these records should demonstrate ho w your condition limits your ability to work.Finally, provide the names and contact information for your regular doctor or any other physician who has diagnosed and treated your condition.All of this information will be helpful to the DDS examiner who reviews your application.3. Ask Your Doctor To Provide A Written Statement.The SSA gives significant weight to the opinion of your treating physician. It will help your application if you ask your doctor to provide DDS with his or her assessment of your â€Å"residual functional capacity† (RFC).Your doctor can describe your symptoms. The doctor can also discuss the likely course of your condition as you receive treatment . Most importantly, the doctor can give his or her professional view on whether you can meet the physical, mental, sensory, and other requirements of working.4. Cooperate With The DDS Examiner.Your goal should be to give the DDS examiner who reviews your case as much information as the examiner needs to make a d ecision on your claim.However, in some cases, an examiner may want more medical evidence and ask you to undergo a consultative examination. This is a physical or mental examination by an independent doctor. The SSA will pay for this examination.You should comply with this request in order to keep the review of your application moving forward.5. Stay On Top Of The Review.If you do not get a response after a long period of time, it may be a good idea to check on whether the DDS examiner needs any additional information. Additionally, you should make sure that you have provided your current contact information.Applying for SSD Benefits in Michigan? We Can HelpIf you are considering whether to apply for SSD benefits, or if you have already started the process and need help, contact us for a free case review. We serve clients throughout the state of Michigan. We can guide you through the process of applying for benefits and fight for you on appeal if your claim is denied.

Smoking Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smoking - Statistics Project Example male, this shows that more male than female smoke, results also show that among the states Utah has the least number of smokers while Kentucky has the largest number of smokers, the following is an analysis of the 2006 data retrieved from US census website. Data was retrieved from the US census website www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/09s0197.xls. The data contains the percentage of those who smoked in each state and the percentage of male and female who smoked in each state. The data is appropriate in that it will help in the comparison of the percentage of smokers in each state. This analysis will help in the formulation of policies that aid in reducing the number of smokers and promoting health among the citizens. States with high percentage levels of smokers can adopt policies existing in low percentage states and therefore promote a healthy population. Data was retrieved from the US census due to availability, another reason why this data was selected was due to completeness of the data, the other reason is that data is accurate and reliable given that the data base is maintained by the state. An analysis of the mean percentage value for all the states show that the mean percentage value of all those who smoke in all the states is 20.34%, the mean percentage value for male individuals is 22.17% and18.64% for female individuals. The following chart summarizes the results: In July 2006 the US census estimated the population size to amount to 298,362,973, this means that the number of smokers was 20.20% X 298,362,973= 60, 269321; therefore approximately over 60 million individuals were smokers in the year 2006. From the above chart it is evident that all those who smoke 54.55% are male while only 45.45% are female. This means that given that those who smoked amounted to 60,269321 this means that the number of male individuals who smoked amounted to 54.55% X 60,269321 = 32,874,175 while the number of females amounted to approximately 45.45% X 60,269321

Toyota Company in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Toyota Company in China - Case Study Example This paper will use the Porters five forces model as well as SWOT analysis in assessing the market entry strategy employed by Toyota Company to enter the Chinese market. Hill and Jones (2007) affirm that once the boundary of an organisation has been established, strategic planning managers are faced with the task of analysing competitive forces with the organisational climate to establish threats and opportunities. The Porter’s five forces model sheds more light on the five integral forces that shapes competition within an organisation. It also examines the degree of rivalry among firms, the bargaining strength of suppliers, as well as the proximity of the alternatives to the firm’s product as well as the bargaining strength of customers or buyers (Kotler, Berger & Bickhoff 2010). This model stipulates that the higher the degree of strength of each of the five forces, the less the capacity of the identified firms to hike prices and rip maximum returns. In this model, a strong competitive force can be perceived as threat. This is attributed to the fact that stronger competitive forces suppress returns. On the other hand, weak competitive forces can be perceived as opportunity.This is because weak forces enable a firm to make bigger profits (Patnaik 2012). According to Dyck and Neubert (2008), the strength of the five forces can undergo histrionic transformation via time as the firm situations are altered.